Nouns

25 Apr 2026

Nouns are words that name people, places, things, or ideas. In French, every noun has a grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine, which affects the determinants, adjectives, and pronouns that accompany it.

Common vs Proper

Common nouns refer to general things or categories: un chat (a cat), une ville (a city).

Proper nouns refer to specific, named people, places, or things and are capitalised: Montréal, le Québec, le Saint-Laurent.

Note: French capitalises proper nouns less than English. Days of the week, months, and nationalities used as adjectives are not capitalised - lundi, janvier, un livre français.

Gender

All French nouns are either masculine or feminine. For animate nouns (people, animals) gender often follows natural sex - le père / la mère, le chat / la chatte - but for inanimate nouns it must generally be memorised. Learning the article alongside the noun (le/la/un/une) is the most reliable approach.

That said, a noun’s ending is often a strong clue.

Masculine Endings

Feminine Endings

References